What is vacuum level and how is it important for understanding the physics of semiconductor devices? - Quora
![Energy level diagram showing levels in the CV + molecule vs the vacuum... | Download Scientific Diagram Energy level diagram showing levels in the CV + molecule vs the vacuum... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284841671/figure/fig3/AS:515371545227264@1499885559600/Energy-level-diagram-showing-levels-in-the-CV-molecule-vs-the-vacuum-level-and-the.png)
Energy level diagram showing levels in the CV + molecule vs the vacuum... | Download Scientific Diagram
![a) Energy level diagram of PLEDs assuming vacuum level alignment. (b)... | Download Scientific Diagram a) Energy level diagram of PLEDs assuming vacuum level alignment. (b)... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215453826/figure/fig2/AS:305907272568834@1449945385851/a-Energy-level-diagram-of-PLEDs-assuming-vacuum-level-alignment-b-Simplified.png)
a) Energy level diagram of PLEDs assuming vacuum level alignment. (b)... | Download Scientific Diagram
![Bandgaps and band edge positions with respect to the vacuum level, as... | Download Scientific Diagram Bandgaps and band edge positions with respect to the vacuum level, as... | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282706021/figure/fig5/AS:283711191961607@1444653427386/Bandgaps-and-band-edge-positions-with-respect-to-the-vacuum-level-as-calculated-with-the.png)
Bandgaps and band edge positions with respect to the vacuum level, as... | Download Scientific Diagram
![The energy levels and electronic properties that are accessible by direct and inverse photoemission techniques. Evac and EF refer to the vacuum and Fermi level, respectively. The energy levels and electronic properties that are accessible by direct and inverse photoemission techniques. Evac and EF refer to the vacuum and Fermi level, respectively.](https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/images/2019/10/29/fig1.png)